مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1393)

Structural role of international organizations, particularly the United Nations in international normalization and influencing foreign policy role in the global system is unmatched. Despite the government's views and different forms of government, are trying their behavior in accordance with the norms and regulations of the United Nations show. The Neo-realism theory in this research played a role theoretical approach stems explains how the structures regardless of the coordinates of which are related to power and position, affect behavior and the results. Although the United Nations in the international system is assumed to be an independent entity, but world powers are using their power and influence, have been utilized the organization for the purposes of their own interests. This article is examined about the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Security Council, the International Atomic Energy Agency and United Nations human rights bodies. A trend that reflects the ups and downs in the relationship it has with the organization. Elevating the status of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations faces some obstacles such as great powers opposition, the competitiveness of developing countries, opposite and conflicting national executives and elites view and lack of planning for the country.

Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) has regained its significance since the 1990’s. This article argues that this could be explained partly on the basis of the ideational turn in International Relations and the emergence of constructivist approaches, both conventional and radical. On the one hand, these approaches are not substantive theories of international relations. Rather they are frameworks to be used at different levels of human life. On the other hand, their emphasis on the construction of reality and, hence, the importance of meaning culture, intersubjectivity and the like, separates them from materialist approaches traditionally dominant in the field and makes them closer to traditional FPA with its focus on cognition, meaning, intersubjectivity, cultural influences, etc. Examples of FPA based on constructivist assumptions show how they can enrich the field. The article concludes with a critical review of constructivist approaches to foreign policy in Iran.

The forming of revolutionary transformation in Libya the initial optimism created in the minds of the world and the people of Libya that Libya's future will be democratic and development-oriented But the formation of the political events of the after the revolution in the country, reflecting the formed bitter realities in during the reign of dictator Gaddafi. The present paper is the question that what is the main problem of political transition in the post-revolution Libya's? The Findings results show that the formation of a fragile state after the Revolution in Libya, cause growth political and social Difficulties in the country. Therefore the necessity of forming a cohesive and effective government in this country is a major priority of the current.

Current study based on discursive psychology and according to a linguistic approach tries to find some main aspect of xenophobia elements in shah’s speeches and the rules of England to emergent of this behavior. The findings show that Mohammad Reza Shah with aware of his position as Iranian kingdom and Like most Iranians, based on historical wounds, depicts political environment full of fear. Fall of his father by allies powers, was the starting point of his xenophobia. According to the England rules in rise and fall of Reza Shah, as he thought, this country was blamed for any event that occurred in Iranian political environment. This particular psychological status led to a paradoxical behavior so that on the one hand sought the British support and On the other hand, conversely, was feel the threats by the British. Iranian social context and the contextualizing of Persian parole shaped a xenophobia behavior by focusing on the role of Britain in rhetorical speech of Mohammad Reza Shah during thirty-seven-years period of his dynasty. An important part of his political decisions backs to this key factor.

In this article, based on Carl Schmitt's view of politics and focusing on the concept of evil in the teachings of Zoroastrianism, we read Zoroastrian beliefs and ideas of the formation of the Sassanid Empire. According to the authors, in Zoroastrian teachings, the concept of evil takes on a concrete, existential and fundamental concept (not non-existent, as we see in Muslim philosophers), resulting in increasing confusion. There is a connection between the good and evil teachings of Zoroaster (morality) and the daily life of the people. The concreteness of morality in Zoroastrian teachings gives these teachings a high capacity to empower the political. Thus, the Sassanids, with their friendly and hostile dualities of "Sassanid-Parthian", "Sassanid-Roman", etc., while pursuing a policy based on the Schmidt political cause, also sought the unity and integrity of the new empire. This unity, while drawing strength from Zoroastrian teachings, was also a new innovation in these teachings, an innovation that derived Zoroastrian beliefs from religious teachings based on antitheses. He turned good and evil into political ideas based on the antitheses of friend and foe.

political participation is one of the most important concepts of political development and democracy in a society and according to social and political scientist's belief this is the most significant and effective social activity in comparison with other social and political activity. Therefore, it is an undeniable necessity to educate individuals for social development based on the best idea, thought and mind to participate in political affairs. One of these methods is to take the development of human sciences into consideration, on the one hand, and benefiting from these field actors (including experts, professors, students, et.c.) in different social and political fields, on the other hand. The aim of this research is to show the relationship between political participation of human science students in comparison with other student's field of study and the findings also show that human science students participate in political affairs more than other Student's field of study. The hypothesis of this research is that human science students participate in political affairs more than other Student's field of study and it is to survey this relationship by survey method and questionnaire tool. Therefore, based on multi-stage cluster method and considering Statistical population of the master students of Tehran university (and statistic sample based on Morgan table), the different university fields of study are divided into four groups (engineering, medical sciences and literary and art sciences) and the distributed questionnaires among them were analyzed by SPSS tool and in a mold of descriptive statistics indicators (frequency percent, standard deviation and mean) and inferential statistics (variance analysis, T test and Tukeypost hoctest). The outcome of data indicates that human science students participate in political affairs more than other Student's field of study and this outcome also supports the research hypothesis.